Anatomy and Function of Human Body: SSC, IB, Railway

Anatomy and Function of Human Body: Biology Notes

Introduction:

There are 11 major organ systems in the Human body:
1). Endocrine,
2). Respiratory,
3). Nervous,
4). Cardiovascular,
5). Muscular,
6). Integumentary,
7). Skeletal,
8). Urinary,
9), Digestive,
10).Lymphatic,
11).Reproductive.
Structure & Function of the Endocrine System:

• Pancreas - Regulates blood sugar.
• Thyroid - Regulates the rate at which we use energy.
• Parathyroid - regulates calcium levels in blood.
• Adrenal - helps body respond to danger.
• Thymus - regulates immune system.
• Pituitary - Secretes hormones to help other organs.
• Ovaries/Tester - Secretes hormones for reproduction.
• Ovaries/Tester - Secretes Hormones for Reproduction. 

Lymphatic System:

Helps our body fight pathogens, collects excess fluid that leaks out of the capillaries and returns it to the blood and works with bones.

Structure & Function of the Lymphatic System:

• Bone Marrow: Produces lymphocytes that help fight infections.
• Thymus Gland: Produces T cells to fight inflation due to pathogens. 
• Spleen: Produces lymphocytes and removes defective red blood cells.
• Lymph Nodes: Stores lymphocytes that first infection and remove pathogens from the lymphatic fluid.
• Lymphatic fluid: Transport lymphocytes throughout the body.
• Tonsils: Traps pathogens that enter the throat.

Nervous System:

It consists of the Central & Peripheral Nervous System. The Central Nervous System consists of the brain & the Spinal Cord. Central Nervous System works as the controller for the body. The Peripheral Nervous System consists of all the other parts and carries information to and from the Central Nervous System.

Structure and Function of Nervous:

Massage from our surroundings travel our nervous system along nervous, specialized cells and transfer messages by electrical impulses.
It consists of 1). Dendrites and 2). Axons.

The Urinary System:

It consists of Kidneys and Bladder.

Kidneys:

A pair of organs that constantly remove waste products from our body. If these waste products were not removed our blood it would be poisoned. Kidneys consist of renal artery, Renal Vein, Calyces, Renal pelvis, Medulla, Cortex and Urethra. Waste fluid leaves the kidneys through the urethras and the bladder through the urethra.

Digestive System:

• Digestive system is a group of organs that work together to digest food so that it can be used by the body. Some organs pass food through them, other organs produce enzymes that help the digestion of food.

Respiratory System: 

This system consists of the Nose, throat and Lungs.

Structure and function of the Respiratory system:-

• The Nose: The main passageway into and out of the Respiratory system. Air can also enter through our mouth, little hairs that filter the air our breathe.
• The Throat: Throat made up two parts 1). The Pharynx-the part of the throat at the back of the mouth where air enters the lungs. 2).the Larynx-the top where air enters the trachea on its way to the lungs.

Skeletal System:

This is consists of Bone & Connective tissue.

Structure and function of bones:

• Protection: Bones protect our organs.
• Storage: It stores minerals to help nerves and muscular work property, stores fat that can be used for energy.
• Movements: Skeletal muscles pull on bones to produce movement.
• Blood: the marrow in our bones makes blood cells.

Muscular System:

This system is made of the muscles in our body that let us and our organs move.

3 types of muscle:

• Smooth Muscle: found in the digestive tract and blood vessels.
• Skeletal Muscle: Attend to bones by tendons or connective tissue.
• Cardiac Muscle: its responsible to the movement of the heart.

Interumentary System:

This system consists of Skin, Hair and Nails.
Function of Skin: skin forms a protective barrier that keeps water in and foreign particles.

Function of Hair & Nails: Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes, hair helps regulate body temperature.

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