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Indian Freedom Struggle - SSC Railway Notes

Indian Freedom Struggle - SSC Railway Notes

History Study Notes: Indian Freedom Struggle

Some Brief Key Points: 
  • The direct cause of the rises of Extremism in India National Movement was – The Partition of Bengal.
  • M.L. Dhingra - committed the murder of Sir Curzon Wyllie in 1907.
  • The Chittagong Armoury Raid takes place on 1930and Surya Sen was its chief organizer.
  • Cabinet Mission – Visited India in 1946.
  • The defence lawyer at the INA trails of 1946 was Jawaharal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, and Tejbahadur Sapru.
  • The Jalianwalabagh Massacre takes place on 13th April, 1919.
  • Ghadr Party plot to kill –Hardinge.
  • The Tebhaga movement begin in Bengal on 1946.
  • The Meerut Conspiracy case was started in 1929.
  • The Royal Indian Naval Mutiny in Bombay takes place on February, 1949 AD.
Background of Indian National Congress:
  • National conference on 1883.
  • Indian National Union by A.O.Hume in 1884.
  • Indian National Congress is the merge of National Congress and Indian National Union in 1885.
  • First meeting of INC at Gokul Das Tej Pal Sanskrit College on 28th December, 1885 at Bombay (instead Poona).
  • Organised by Sir A.O. Hume, Presided by W.C.Banerjee with 72 delegates.
  • In 1886 meetings delegates become 436 members.
  • Moderate Phase of Indian National Congress(1885-1905):
  • Object:- National Integration (Peace, Caste, Religion).
  • Peaceful Agitations Prayers, Petitions.
  • Achivement: Indian Council Act, 1892.
  • Leaders: D.B.Naroji, Badrudin Tayyabji, Pheroj Saha Mehta, G.K. Gokhle, Raj Bihari Ghose, etc.



Extremist Phase of Indian National Congress (1905-1907):
  • Reason: Dissatisfaction with achievements.
  • Exploitative Character of British.
  • Loss to Britain in Boer wars (1899-1902) union of South Africa as Domination of British.
  • Restrict Freedom of press by University by Act 1904, Indian official Secrets Act, 1904 by Curzon.
  • Partition of Bengal.
  • Methods:- Promotion of Swadeshi, Boycott, Non-Cooperative.
  • Leaders: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak, Bippin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh, Chakarwati Bose etc.
Partition of Bengal:
  • Lord Curzon order Partition of Bengal creating East Bengal and Assam on 16th Oct, 1905.
  • Communalism Policy of British.
  • Divide and Rule Policy: Eastern Part Muslim dominated and western part Hindu dominated.
  • Opposed from all sections of society.
  • Rabindar Nath Tagore composed “Amar Sonar Bangla” during this period.
  • National Anthem by Bangladesh in 1971 after its liberation.
Anti Partition of Bengal Movement:
  • Initiated on 7th August at Town Hall (Calcutta).
  • Swadeshi (Banaras Session of INC 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhle).
  • Boycott (Meeting of INC on 7th August in Town Hall).
  • Bengal Chemical Swadeshi sectors by Acharya P.C. Roy.
  • Vandematram movement by B.C.Pal and chidambaran Pillai in Madras.
Formation of Muslim league:
  • Set up in 1906 by Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullaha of Dakha.
  • Supported partition of Bengal.
  • Special safeguared for Muslim Community.
  • Separate electrote for Muslim in 1909.
INC session of 1906 & 1907:
  • Calcutta seaaion of INC in 1906: Dada Bhai Naroji as president. Self Govt or Swaraj was goal of Indian People,
  • Surat Split -1907.
  • INC now in two parts: Extremists and Moderates.
  • Ghadar Party:
  • Indian Revolutionaries in USA formed Ghadar Party in 1913.
  • Lala Hardyal, Tarak Nath Das and Soham Singh Bakhna are the leader of Ghadar Party.
  • Weekly paper “The Ghadar” with caption Angrezi Rajke Dushman.
  • Head Quarters in San Francisco.
Important Organisation related to Freedom Struggle:

Organisation
Year
Founders
Place
Mitra Sena
1899
Savarkar Brothers
Poona
Abhinav Bharat
1906
V.D.Savarkar
Poona
Bharat Mata Society
1907
Ajit Singh & Amba Prasad
Punjab
Hindustant Socialist
1926
Bhagat Singh
Lahore
Republican Asociation
1928
Chander Shekhar Azad
Delhi
Indian House
1905
Shyam Ji Berma
London
Indian Independance League
1907
Tarak Nath Das
USA
Ghadar Party
1913
Lala Hardyal
San Franscisco
INA Government India
1942
Ras Bihari Bose
Tokyo
Indepandence League
1942
Raj Bihari Bose
Tokyo
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