Geography Notes: Mineral resources & Industry in India

Mineral resources & Industry in India

Some Key Points at a glance:

Private sector – Industries owned by individuals.
Public sector – Industries owned by the state.
Joint sector – Industries owned jointly by individuals and state.
Cooperative sector – Industries run by a group of people.
Rana Pratap Sagar Plant (Rajasthan) is associated with – Hydroelectricity.
The Himalayan region is poor in mineral resources because – the displacement of rock strata has distributed the arrangement of rock and made it complex.
Tamil Nadu – is the largest producer of lignite coal in India.
Tapovan and Vishnugarh Hydroelectric project located in – Uttarakhand.
Large reserve of diamond-bearing kimberlitic been discovered in – Raipur district.
The highest amount of Nickel resources have in – Orissa.
Bio gas is the most important sources of energy in Rural areas.
Bauxite deposits are found in – Lohardaga.

Different Minerals found in the different geographical locations:

Mineral Belt	Geographical Location	Mineral found
North – Eastern Peninsular Belt	The region comprising the Chottanagpur plateau and the Odisha plateau which covers the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha.	Manganese, bauxite, copper, coal, iron ore, mica, chromite. This region accounts for the country’s 93 per cent iron ore production and 84 per cent coal production.
South – Western Belt	Karnataka and Goa	Iron ore and Clay
North – Western Belt	Rajasthan and Gujarat along the Aravali Range	Mostly non ferrous minerals, uranium, mica, petroleum, gypsum.
Southern Belt	Karnataka plateau and Tamil Nadu	Monazite and Ferrous minerals.
Central Belt	Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra	Bauxite, uranium, Manganese, mica, graphite, marble, coal, gems.

Minerals and mining area:

Minerals	Location
Coal	West Bengal (Raniganj), Jharkhand(Jharia, Giridih, Bokao, Hazaribegh, Palamou), Odisha (Talcher), Chhattisgarh.
Copper	Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), Rajasthan (Khetri), Jharkhand (Singhbhum), Karnataka (Chitradurg).
Manganese	Alwar
Lignite	Jayamkondam, Tamil Nadu
Uranium	Jharkhand (Jaduguda), Rajasthan (Ajmer)
Zinc	Rajasthan
Gold	Kolar, Karnataka.
Iron	Kudremukh
Graphite	Bellary
Lead	Zawar
Salt	Didwana
Silver	Rampa.
Thorium	Kerala coast

Important Points:

All ores are minerals because metals can’t be extracted from minerals in a convenient way. i.e. Aluminium metal is found in both minerals clay and bauxite Aluminium metal is extracted. Only from bauxite on the other hand it is not extracted from clay. So bauxite is an ore of Aluminium ut clay is not ore of Aluminium.
India is the largest producer of Mica in the world. The major mica producing regions are Jharkhand (Hazaribagh, Giridih, Kodarma), Rajasthan (Bilwara, Udaipur, Jaipur), Bihar(Gaya, Ghagalpur), Andhra Pradesh (Guntur, Kurnool).
Coal is a sedimentary rocks but the hardest form, anthracite coal can be regards as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. The types of coal are – Peat, Lignite, Bituminous and Anthracite.

Major Power Station in India:

Power Station	Establishment date	State
Tarapur Atomic Power station	October 28, 1969	Maharashtra
Rajasthan Atomic Power station	December 16, 1973	Rajasthan
Kakrapara Atomic Power station	May 6, 1993	Gujarat
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant	October 22, 2013	Tamil Nadu
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant	November 16, 2000	Karnataka
Madras Atomic Power station	January 24, 1984	Tamil Nadu
Naora Atomic Power station	January 11, 1991	Uttar Pradesh

Total identified Tidal Energy is about 8000 MW in West Coast Gulf of Bombay (7000MW), Gulf of Kutch (1200 MW) and East coast of the Ganges Delta in the Sundarbans in West Bengal for small tidal power development estimates the potential in this region to be about 100 MW.
As per 19th October, 2016 Tamil Nadu has the largest installation of Wind Power 7684.31 MW. Maharashtra has the installation of Wind Power 4664.08 MW. Gujarat has the installation of Wind Power 4227.31 MW.