History Study Notes: Indian Freedom Struggle
Some Brief Key Points:
- The direct cause of the rises of Extremism in India National Movement was – The Partition of Bengal.
- M.L. Dhingra - committed the murder of Sir Curzon Wyllie in 1907.
- The Chittagong Armoury Raid takes place on 1930and Surya Sen was its chief organizer.
- Cabinet Mission – Visited India in 1946.
- The defence lawyer at the INA trails of 1946 was Jawaharal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, and Tejbahadur Sapru.
- The Jalianwalabagh Massacre takes place on 13th April, 1919.
- Ghadr Party plot to kill –Hardinge.
- The Tebhaga movement begin in Bengal on 1946.
- The Meerut Conspiracy case was started in 1929.
- The Royal Indian Naval Mutiny in Bombay takes place on February, 1949 AD.
Background of Indian National Congress:
- National conference on 1883.
- Indian National Union by A.O.Hume in 1884.
- Indian National Congress is the merge of National Congress and Indian National Union in 1885.
- First meeting of INC at Gokul Das Tej Pal Sanskrit College on 28th December, 1885 at Bombay (instead Poona).
- Organised by Sir A.O. Hume, Presided by W.C.Banerjee with 72 delegates.
- In 1886 meetings delegates become 436 members.
- Moderate Phase of Indian National Congress(1885-1905):
- Object:- National Integration (Peace, Caste, Religion).
- Peaceful Agitations Prayers, Petitions.
- Achivement: Indian Council Act, 1892.
- Leaders: D.B.Naroji, Badrudin Tayyabji, Pheroj Saha Mehta, G.K. Gokhle, Raj Bihari Ghose, etc.
Extremist Phase of Indian National Congress (1905-1907):
- Reason: Dissatisfaction with achievements.
- Exploitative Character of British.
- Loss to Britain in Boer wars (1899-1902) union of South Africa as Domination of British.
- Restrict Freedom of press by University by Act 1904, Indian official Secrets Act, 1904 by Curzon.
- Partition of Bengal.
- Methods:- Promotion of Swadeshi, Boycott, Non-Cooperative.
- Leaders: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak, Bippin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh, Chakarwati Bose etc.
- Lord Curzon order Partition of Bengal creating East Bengal and Assam on 16th Oct, 1905.
- Communalism Policy of British.
- Divide and Rule Policy: Eastern Part Muslim dominated and western part Hindu dominated.
- Opposed from all sections of society.
- Rabindar Nath Tagore composed “Amar Sonar Bangla” during this period.
- National Anthem by Bangladesh in 1971 after its liberation.
- Initiated on 7th August at Town Hall (Calcutta).
- Swadeshi (Banaras Session of INC 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhle).
- Boycott (Meeting of INC on 7th August in Town Hall).
- Bengal Chemical Swadeshi sectors by Acharya P.C. Roy.
- Vandematram movement by B.C.Pal and chidambaran Pillai in Madras.
- Set up in 1906 by Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullaha of Dakha.
- Supported partition of Bengal.
- Special safeguared for Muslim Community.
- Separate electrote for Muslim in 1909.
- Calcutta seaaion of INC in 1906: Dada Bhai Naroji as president. Self Govt or Swaraj was goal of Indian People,
- Surat Split -1907.
- INC now in two parts: Extremists and Moderates.
- Ghadar Party:
- Indian Revolutionaries in USA formed Ghadar Party in 1913.
- Lala Hardyal, Tarak Nath Das and Soham Singh Bakhna are the leader of Ghadar Party.
- Weekly paper “The Ghadar” with caption Angrezi Rajke Dushman.
- Head Quarters in San Francisco.
Important Organisation related to Freedom Struggle:
Organisation
|
Year
|
Founders
|
Place
|
Mitra Sena
|
1899
|
Savarkar Brothers
|
Poona
|
Abhinav Bharat
|
1906
|
V.D.Savarkar
|
Poona
|
Bharat Mata Society
|
1907
|
Ajit Singh & Amba Prasad
|
Punjab
|
Hindustant Socialist
|
1926
|
Bhagat Singh
|
Lahore
|
Republican Asociation
|
1928
|
Chander Shekhar Azad
|
Delhi
|
Indian House
|
1905
|
Shyam Ji Berma
|
London
|
Indian Independance League
|
1907
|
Tarak Nath Das
|
USA
|
Ghadar Party
|
1913
|
Lala Hardyal
|
San Franscisco
|
INA Government India
|
1942
|
Ras Bihari Bose
|
Tokyo
|
Indepandence League
|
1942
|
Raj Bihari Bose
|
Tokyo
|
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