Metals and Alloys and their Uses

SSC & Railway Notes: Composition of Metal & Alloys

Minerals:

In nature there found some materials like a rock in surface of earth or underground. This type of natural in-organic materials is called Minerals. Example- Aluminium Oxide (AL₂O₃ . 2H₂O) is found in Bauxite.

Ores:

It is some natural minerals materials from which high quality metals are collect in a very easily and cheaply process. Example- Hematite (Fe₂O₃) and Iron Pyrites (FeS₂) both are minerals of Iron but Iron collect easily and cheaply only from Hematite not from Iron Pyrites. So Iron Pyrites is not an ores of Iron. From above discussion we can say “all ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores".

Metallurgy: 

It’s called a process by which Metals are collecting easily and cheaply also Purification it.

Alloys and their uses: Complete Details

Name	Composition	Uses
Gun Metal	Cu͢͢ -88%, Zn – 2%, Sn -10%.	Use for Statue creating.
Misch Metal	Fe – 30%, Ce – 70%.	Use in gas lighter.
Bell Metal	Cu͢͢ - 75-90%, Sn – 10-25%.	Use for Preparing Plate, Structure, Medal etc.
Monel Metal	Cu – 30%, Ni – 67%, Fe + Mn - 3%	For making  Pump, Blades of Wheel, base containing container  etc.
Dutch Metal	Cu – 84%, Zn – 16%	Use for preparing Imitation Jewellery.
Bronze	Cu – 80%, Sn – 18%, Zn – 2%	Use for Preparing Plate, Jewellery ,Different type of Machinery,Structure, Medal.
Aluminium Bronze	Al – 90%, Cu – 10%	Use for preparing Coin, Kitchenware, Photo frame etc.
German Silver	Zn – 25 - 30%,Cu – 25 – 30%, Ni – 40 – 50%	Use for preparing Fancy goods, Kitchenware, Photo frame etc.
Brass	Cu – 60 - 80%, Zn – 40 - 20%	Use for preparing Telescope, Water Tape, Machinery, Kitchenware etc.
Stainless Steel	Fe – 73%, Cr – 18%, Ni – 8%, C – 1%	For making Motor and Cycle part’s, Surgical cutlery and utensils etc.
Manganese Steel	Fe – 86-91%, Mn – 9-14%	For making Train line, Helmet etc.
Duralumin	Al – 90%, Cu – 10%, Mg – 0.5%, Mn – 0.5%	For making structure of aeroplane parts and structure etc.
Magnelium	Al – 95%, Mg – 5%,	In making frame of Aeroplane.
Rolled Gold	Cu – 90%,  Ni – 10%,	For preparing cheap ornaments.
Solder	Pb – 40%, Sn – 60%	Use for soldering purpose.
Inver	Fe – 64%, Ni – 36%,	In making Pendulum rod and mitre scale etc.
Chrome Steel	Fe – 96-98%, Cr – 2-4%,	Use for preparing ball bearing, compressed machine parts etc.

Chemical identification of some Metals & Non-Metals

Common Name	Chemical Formula	Chemical Name
Laughing Gas	N2O	Nitres Oxide
Cooper Glance	Cu2S	Cooper Sulphide
Tire Gas	CCl3NO2	Chloropicrin
Phosgene	COCl2	Carbonyl Chloride
Magnetite	Fe3O4	Ferrasopheric Oxide
Mars Gas	CH4	Methane
More Salt	(NH4)2 SO4, 6H2 O	Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate Hex hydrate
Blue Vitriol	CuSO4,5H2O	Cooper Sulphate
Chloroform	CHCL3	Tricoloro  Methane
Dry Ice	CO2	Solid Carbon dioxide
Bleaching Powder	CaOCl2	Calcium Oxychloride
Nausader	NH4Cl	Ammonium Chloride
Rock Salt	NaCl	Sodium Chloride
Caustic Soda	NaOH	Sodium Hydroxide
Epsom	MgSO4, 7H2O	Magnesium Sulphate
Potash Alum	K2SO4 . Al2 (SO4). 24H2O	Potassium Aluminium Sulphate
Caustic Potash	KOH	Potassium Hydroxide
Sand	SiO2	Silicon Oxide
Calomel	HgCl	Mercurous Chloride
T.N.T.	C6H2CH3(NO2)	Tri Nitro toluene
Globar’s  Salt	Na2SO4 . 10H2O	Sodium Sulphate
Borax	Na2B4O7 .  10H2O	Borax
Heavy Water	D2O	Deuterium Oxide
Hypo	Na2S2O3. 5H2O	Sodium Thiosulphate
Baking Powder	NaHCO3	Sodium Bicarbonate
Washing Soda	Na2CO3 . 10H2O	Sodium Carbonate
Magnesium	MgO	Magnesium Oxide
Lunar Caustic	AgNO3	Silver Nitrate
Vermelium	HgS	Mercuric Sulphide
Green Vitriol	FeSO4  . 7H2O	Ferrous Sulphate
White Vitriol	ZnSO4 . 7H2O	Zinc Sulphate
Mohr’s salt	FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 . 6H2O	Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate
Gypsum	CaSO4	Calcium Sulphate
Nitre Cake	NaHSO4	Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate
Spirit	C2H5OH	Ethyl alcohol
Carbolic Acid	C6H5OH	Phenol