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SPEEDY Railway Book (English)

Metals and Alloys and their Uses

Metals and Alloys and their Uses
SSC & Railway Notes: Composition of Metal & Alloys

Minerals:
In nature there found some materials like a rock in surface of earth or underground. This type of natural in-organic materials is called Minerals. Example- Aluminium Oxide (AL2O3 . 2H2O) is found in Bauxite.
Ores:
It is some natural minerals materials from which high quality metals are collect in a very easily and cheaply process. Example- Hematite (Fe2O3) and Iron Pyrites (FeS2) both are minerals of Iron but Iron collect easily and cheaply only from Hematite not from Iron Pyrites. So Iron Pyrites is not an ores of Iron. From above discussion we can say “all ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores".
Metallurgy: 
It’s called a process by which Metals are collecting easily and cheaply also Purification it.

Alloys and their uses: Complete Details

Name
Composition
Uses
Gun Metal
Cu͢͢ -88%, Zn – 2%, Sn -10%.
Use for Statue creating.
Misch Metal
Fe – 30%, Ce – 70%.
Use in gas lighter.
Bell Metal
Cu͢͢ - 75-90%, Sn – 10-25%.
Use for Preparing Plate, Structure, Medal etc.
Monel Metal
Cu – 30%, Ni – 67%, Fe + Mn - 3%
For making  Pump, Blades of Wheel, base containing container  etc.
Dutch Metal
Cu – 84%, Zn – 16%
Use for preparing Imitation Jewellery.
Bronze
Cu – 80%, Sn – 18%, Zn – 2%
Use for Preparing Plate, Jewellery ,Different type of Machinery,Structure, Medal.
Aluminium Bronze
Al – 90%, Cu – 10%
Use for preparing Coin, Kitchenware, Photo frame etc.
German Silver
Zn – 25 - 30%,Cu – 25 – 30%, Ni – 40 – 50%
Use for preparing Fancy goods, Kitchenware, Photo frame etc.
Brass
Cu – 60 - 80%, Zn – 40 - 20%
Use for preparing Telescope, Water Tape, Machinery, Kitchenware etc.
Stainless Steel
Fe – 73%, Cr – 18%, Ni – 8%, C – 1%
For making Motor and Cycle part’s, Surgical cutlery and utensils etc.
Manganese Steel
Fe – 86-91%, Mn – 9-14%
For making Train line, Helmet etc.
Duralumin
Al – 90%, Cu – 10%, Mg – 0.5%, Mn – 0.5%
For making structure of aeroplane parts and structure etc.
Magnelium
Al – 95%, Mg – 5%,
In making frame of Aeroplane.
Rolled Gold
Cu – 90%,  Ni – 10%,
For preparing cheap ornaments.
Solder
Pb – 40%, Sn – 60%
Use for soldering purpose.
Inver
Fe – 64%, Ni – 36%,
In making Pendulum rod and mitre scale etc.
Chrome Steel
Fe – 96-98%, Cr – 2-4%,
Use for preparing ball bearing, compressed machine parts etc.



Chemical identification of some Metals & Non-Metals

Common Name
Chemical Formula
Chemical Name
Laughing Gas
N2O
Nitres Oxide
Cooper Glance
Cu2S
Cooper Sulphide
Tire Gas
CCl3NO2
Chloropicrin
Phosgene
COCl2
Carbonyl Chloride
Magnetite
Fe3O4
Ferrasopheric Oxide
Mars Gas
CH4
Methane
More Salt
(NH4)2 SO4, 6H2 O
Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate Hex hydrate
Blue Vitriol
CuSO4,5H2O
Cooper Sulphate
Chloroform
CHCL3
Tricoloro  Methane
Dry Ice
CO2
Solid Carbon dioxide
Bleaching Powder
CaOCl2
Calcium Oxychloride
Nausader
NH4Cl
Ammonium Chloride
Rock Salt
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
Caustic Soda
NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide
Epsom
MgSO4, 7H2O
Magnesium Sulphate
Potash Alum
K2SO4 . Al2 (SO4). 24H2O
Potassium Aluminium Sulphate
Caustic Potash
KOH
Potassium Hydroxide
Sand
SiO2
Silicon Oxide
Calomel
HgCl
Mercurous Chloride
T.N.T.
C6H2CH3(NO2)
Tri Nitro toluene
Globar’s  Salt
Na2SO4 . 10H2O
Sodium Sulphate
Borax
Na2B4O7 .  10H2O
Borax
Heavy Water
D2O
Deuterium Oxide
Hypo
Na2S2O3. 5H2O
Sodium Thiosulphate
Baking Powder
NaHCO3
Sodium Bicarbonate
Washing Soda
Na2CO3 . 10H2O
Sodium Carbonate
Magnesium
MgO
Magnesium Oxide
Lunar Caustic
AgNO3
Silver Nitrate
Vermelium
HgS
Mercuric Sulphide
Green Vitriol
FeSO. 7H2O
Ferrous Sulphate
White Vitriol
ZnSO4 . 7H2O
Zinc Sulphate
Mohr’s salt
FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 . 6H2O
Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate
Gypsum
CaSO4
Calcium Sulphate
Nitre Cake
 NaHSO4
Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate
Spirit
C2H5OH 
Ethyl alcohol
Carbolic Acid
C6H5OH 
Phenol
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