Environmental Degradation and Conservation for SSC Exams

Environmental Degradation and Conservation for SSC Exams

Definition:

The way depends on which technology proper utilize of property, reduce loss flow of development project i.e., reset up property, reuses for future are accepted this is called Conservation. 

Due to increase of environmental importance the scientist take few necessary projects. In all world happened different type of movement (environmental related). 

Movements in India: 

Biswanayi Movement, Chipco Movement, Silent valley movement, Narmada bacho movement etc. 

World Environment Summit Conference was held in 10 years interval presence of all country. 

1st summit was held in 1972 at Stockholm, capital of Sweden. Next in 1982 at Montreal in Canada. In 1992 at Reo-de Generio in Brazil (Agenda 21) and in 2002 in Johannesburg in South Africa.
Example: Land conservation, Forest animal Conservation, forest conservation etc.

Environment Protection act: - In 1986, amendment in 1991. 

Wildlife protection act: - In 1972 and amendment in 1983, 1986.1991.2002. 

Indian Forest act: - In 1927. 

National Green Tribunal act: - In 2010. 

Conservation basically two type’s 1.Ex-Situ conservation, example:-Tiger Reservation in at Sundarban etc. 

2. In-Situ conservation. Example: - Botanical Garden-Plant conservation, Tissuecalture etc. 

Aim of Conservation: 

• Scientific using of property and protect for future. 
• Maintained the relation between chemical cycle and Nutrition cycle. 
• Protection of food chain and energy flow. 
• Economic development by properly using of natural property. 
• Main focus on Forest reservation, resist of Green House or Global Warming, Lower the rate of wind and water pollution. 

Reserve Forest: In this forest common people do not entry but permission of government people entry for examination or investigation. 

Forest Reservation Act: - 1980 and amendment in 1988. 

Example: Gir in Gujarat, Gorumara in west Bengal. 

Main Wind Pollutants: 

Carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane(CH4),Hydrogen (H2), Fly Ash, Nitrogen Oxide etc. 

Wind Pollutions Act: - 1981 and amendment in 1987. 

Main Main Land Pollutants: 

D.D.T, Gyamaxcin, Eldrien, Industrial and domestic trash, Bacteria, Potojaya, Virus, ammonia, urea etc. 

Main Main Water Pollutants: Sulphate, Phosphate, D.D.T, Gyamaxcin, Eldrien, Cadmium,Mercurry, Industrial , Operational and domestic trash, Bacteria, Potojaya, Virus, ammonia, urea etc. 

Water Pollutions Act: - 1974 and amendment in 1978, 1988. 

Effect of Arsenic pollution: 

• Rain Drop Pigmentation. 
• Black-Foot-Disease. 

Cirrhosis in Liver. 

• Effect of Cadmium pollution: 
• Etai-Etai or Ouch –Ouch disease. 

Effect of Lead pollution: 

• Dyslexiaisea dse. 

Effect of Mercury pollution: 

• Minamata disease. 

Kyoto Protocol: - On December, 1997 at Kyoto city in Japan, mainly focus on Green House gas. 

Silent Valley movement:- In 1978 at Kerala to protect forest area . 

Montreal Protocol: - In 1993 at Montreal in Canada main focus on not uses of CFC gas. 

Ganga Action Plan: in 1985 at the time of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi this plan was taken to clean Ganga River. 

Ramsar Conference: - In 1971 at Iran, conservation about 2231 wetland famous as a Ramasar sites including East Kolkata wetland. 

Bhopal Gas Accident: In 1984, 2nd December at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, main content of this accident was Methyl Isocyanides (MIC). 

Chernobyl Accident: On 26 April, 1986 at Chernobyl due to nuclear accident. 

Conservation related National and International Organisation: 

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION: 

1. W.W.F. (World Wildlife Fund). 2. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation). 3. UNEP (United nation Environment Programme). 4. FFPS (Fauna and Flora Preservation). 5. WMO (World Meteorological Organisation). 6. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – in 1988, by UNEP and WMO). 

NATIONAL ORGANISATION: 

1. WPSI (Wildlife Preservation Society of India). 2. ZSI ( oological Survey of India). 3. WII (Wildlife Institute of India). 4. CBWL (Central Board of Wildlife), 5. BNHS (Bombay Natural History Society).